{"id":1644,"date":"2014-07-21T15:24:02","date_gmt":"2014-07-21T15:24:02","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-03-24T03:52:10","modified_gmt":"2018-03-24T03:52:10","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b7%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/badilpress.com\/?p=1644","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 22 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629) \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 . \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062d .<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627 \u064b \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u00a0\u00a0(<\/span>Genuine Democrac<\/span>y)<\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629(False\/Corr<\/span>up<\/span>t Democracy) <\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u063a\u0629(M<\/span>anipulative Democracy) <\/span>\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 (Skirt Democracy)<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644.\u064a\u0648\u0645 (MERIA, Vol..No.4 December,2005)<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Partial Democracy )<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00a0(Defensive Democracy) <\/span>\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 (Micro Democracy)<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629 (Liberalized Autocracy)<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c(Carnegie Endowment\u00a0 Working Papers,No.37 may, 2003 ) <\/span>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062f …\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064b\u2013 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0641\u062e (<\/span>Trap) <\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629) .<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 : ” \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 ( \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u062f ) \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 . \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u0637\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0628\u0627 \u064b \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 “.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0631\u0642 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

2-\u00a0\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

3-\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629: Revolution<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 Violence<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637 .<\/p>\n

\u00a02 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n

3 \u2013 \u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u00a04 \u2013 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n

5 \u2013 \u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 … \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0640\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u0635 .<\/p>\n

6 \u2013 \u00a0\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0643\u0640\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647 ) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 ) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 . \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0643\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 .\u00a0<\/p>\n

7 \u2013\u00a0 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

8 \u2013\u00a0 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n

9 \u2013 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0646 –\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 – \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627 \u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

10 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 : \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f \u0635\u062e\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 … \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 … \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a . \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0644 \u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 .<\/p>\n

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1 \u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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” \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646” (45\/5)<\/p>\n

” \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0646” (47\/5)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 : ” \u0648\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0641\u0631” (29\/18).” \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 …” (48\/5)” \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646”(6\/108).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646” \u0623\u0648 ” \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 ” \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 ” \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644) \u2013 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c .\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a: 1- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.2- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b.\u00a0\u00a0 3- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628” (\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 14-20\/6\/2008 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4175).<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 . \u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627 \u064b .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0646 .\u0644 .\u064a\u0648\u0645 ( MERIA, Vol .9, No.4 , December 2005 )<\/span> \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0647\u064a :<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n
  2. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
  3. \u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0628 \u2013 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b ( \u064a\u0648\u0645 ) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 : \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a ) \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u061f \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 . \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 . \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649) \u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u00a0 (No Taxation) without Representation )<\/span> \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628(No representation without Taxation) <\/span>\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 (D+C,No. 2,2007)<\/span>. \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0630 \u2013 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 .<\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 .<\/p>\n

    3 \u2013 <\/strong>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 (Abstract Rights)<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 … \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 ( Processes )<\/span>\u00a0 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a… \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 (Tangible Benefits)<\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u064b \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 … \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0624 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a… \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u2013 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629… \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a … \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 !!<\/p>\n

    4 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 … \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 .<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 … \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a ( \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 ) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u00a0 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0627 \u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627 \u064b … (\u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0629).<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629)\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 … \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a \u2013 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 .<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u064b\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647 .<\/p>\n

    5 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>(Modernization)\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u00a0(Democratization)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 ( \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u064b ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a ( \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u064b ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0640\u0648\u0646 (\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u2013 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064b \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 .<\/p>\n

    6 –\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a .<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n

    1 \u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u064b \u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 – \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b – \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 . \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 (\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a).\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

    2 \u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627 \u064b ( \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064b ) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u061f \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
    • \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n
    • \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 ) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 ) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644: : \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00a0 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u2013 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * \u00a0\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

        \n
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        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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